To return or stay? What the Ukrainians who left the country are planning through the war
In addition, analysts have learned what European services were used by Ukrainians, how many military migrants have already found a job and what are the closest refugee plans in their stay. Video Day Socio-Demographic Portrait of the Ukrainian Migration The main flow of migration from Ukraine came in March. Then the number of leaves from the country was unprecedentedly large and was accompanied by many kilometers on the border. Now the number of returning is equal to those who leave Ukraine.
The geography of migrants has also changed. In the spring, mostly residents of the Kiev region were running away from the war, now they are mainly those who live in the frontal areas - Odessa, Dnipro, Kharkiv regions. In addition, the number of those who were able to leave with their family and three children have increased. In this case, the number of women-white women still prevails and is 82%. Most migrants have children and lived in a big city.
Do Ukrainian migrants plan to return? Compared to the data of April, in June the mood of Ukrainians differed - the number of Ukrainians planning to return to their homeland decreased. At the same time, the percentage of those who have not yet decided and hesitate. Despite this, 66% still confirm their intentions to return, which is the vast majority. Only 2% of those polled were exactly determined that they will not go back to Ukraine.
The portrait of those who plan to stay in Europe look like this: - they have issued a residence permit; - plan to buy housing; - found work abroad; - left with his wife or husband. More often, they are refugees 35-44 years old, who have three children and left for Germany. Also, the loss of work in Ukraine is an important motivator.
The criteria for choosing a temporary residence for those who plan to go home were: - the presence of relatives, friends or acquaintances; - social housing or payments; - knowledge of language. For those who plan to stay abroad, the most important in the new country were: the presence of work, climate or favorable social conditions.
How do Ukrainian migrants live in Europe? Despite the fact that traditionally refugees in Europe are reproached with excessive thirst for social payments, only half of Ukrainians actually receive help from European states. 23% of refugees receive cash payments and financial support from Ukraine. During the study, the behavioral features of Ukrainians in migration were also studied. The displaced persons are equipped in a new place, plan their life and continue to assist their relatives in Ukraine.
At the time of the survey, 76% of displaced persons have already issued a card of a local European mobile operator. And also: - they have issued health insurance (46%); - help those left in Ukraine (46%); - separate housing (31%); - began to learn local language (27%); - They plan to participate in the life of the city or settlement where they currently live (26%). Respondents' answers show, Ukrainians are already actively using local services, from catering and ending with beauty services.
But not the poor quality of the service, which refugees tend to regret after life in Ukraine, is the greatest problem of staying in Europe. Emotion VS Ratsi: The difficulty of being abroad longing for family, friends and home is the greatest difficulty in a new place, according to the study. More than 70% allocated this item among others.
Other difficulties of the emotional nature were referred to: - uncertainty and lack of plans - 48%; - stress, depression or other psychological problems - 45%; - lack of communication - 25%; - lack of information on integration or legal issues - 20%; - misunderstanding of the social or cultural features of another country - 19%. Analysts of the research holding also revealed difficulties of rational nature. The greatest concern for Ukrainians is a lack of funds.
The interviewees are also facing the difficulty of finding separate housing, work and medicines, bureaucratic barriers and lack of support programs for refugees. The vast majority of respondents have admitted that they feel the friendly attitude of the locals and grateful to them for their support.
The affinity with Europe and the ways of obtaining information on integration in society were emphasized in June once again - Ukrainians, although they found peace and security in Europe, but did not find a sense of home there. 83% of refugees surveyed felt a connection and affinity with their place of residence in Ukraine, to the present house in Europe - only 27%. The highest percentage of those who have felt communications are currently living in Poland and the Czech Republic.
In order to adapt to life in Europe faster, Ukrainians must constantly receive information about the rules of stay in a place of residence. Yes, the most popular source of receiving this information is groups on social networks. In the second place were relatives or friends living in the country of stay. And the third place was taken by volunteers. In the migration service, only 5% of respondents receive information.
The greatest lack of information from refugees exists in terms of: - the rights of stay abroad; - movement in Europe; - employment; - house search; - education; - Access to public life. The peculiarities of employment of Ukrainians abroad Ukrainian displaced persons have pleasantly impressed Europeans not only the level of education and goodwill, but also the speed of finding work in Europe. In five months, one -third of military migrants from Ukraine in Europe were employed.
Of these, more than half have an employer in Ukraine and perform duties online, the rest has found work in the country of stay. In the course of the survey, we found that 73% of respondents had work in Ukraine before the war, while only 29% now work. Answering questions about the cause of the loss of profit, the Ukrainians answered: - the company stopped activity - 47%; - own release due to moving - 21%; - Reduction of employees - 9%.
Most of them worked in Europe with the help of friends, relatives or acquaintances in the country of stay. One -third managed to find a new place of work on thematic portals on the Internet. 17% of respondents went directly to the employer, and 10% of Ukrainians received assistance in the State Employment Service. 27% of Ukrainians were able to find a job in Europe.
The difficulties of 56% of refugees in search of work were: - lack of the necessary experience and skills (including knowledge of language); - small children and limited performance; - lack of vacancies in the specialty; - The reluctance of employers to hire foreigners. The second wave of the study of the behavior and mood of Ukrainian refugees in Europe dispelled stereotypes against Ukrainians and made it even better to understand that migrant migrants were feeling abroad.
They continue to adapt to Europe, but still live with great love and longing for Ukraine, because they satisfied the need for safety, they have never been able to satisfy the need for a new place of residence. Research methodology. An independent sociological research was conducted by an international research holding 4SERVICE ™. A total of 2 307 respondents in 35 European countries are 18 years old. The study was conducted by online survey. The field stage lasted from June 6 to June 20, 2022.