When the salary is not for joy. How and why do Ukrainians' profits change during the war
However, the National Bank in the inflationary report for July claims that in total, nominal salaries in 2022 will be reduced by 12%. For many citizens whose income has collapsed the war, the above -mentioned NBU estimates look too optimistic. According to Maxim Ozogon, the CEO of the consulting company Osoba, on average, during the war wages in Ukraine decreased by 30-40%.
According to the expert, the most affected industries were most affected: according to Ruslana Berezovskaya, the head of the expert-analytical center . The wage collapse accelerated in May. In June, the fall slowed, but even in all areas, the situation has stabilized. After all, the labor market continues to reflect the risks that are faced by certain areas of business. "In July, the largest fall in the average salary was felt by representatives of raw material production - minus 37. 5% to UAH 15.
8 thousand. The salary is now 16. 7 thousand UAH, " - says Ruslana Berezovskaya. GrC. ua also distinguishes such areas where in July wages continued: a wave of wage reduction has reached high -paying employees and executives. "Salaries have been asked several times for those specialists who were overestimated regardless of the professional sphere before the war.
Where the salary corresponded to the market, it either remained at the pre -war level, or decreased by no more than 20%," says focus Galina Morozova, the senior A consultant of the international consulting company HUDSON, that is, now for a position with a salary, for example, 40 thousand UAH, those candidates who earned the same amount before the war are submitted, and those who received 100 thousand UAH before the war.
Confirms that in April-June 2022 there was a trend of reduction of toplest compensation, the release of expensive expatsts and the replacement of inefficient tops with business owners who stood for the helm Employees are now offered critically low salaries - up to 10 thousand UAH per month. As an example, the interlocutor of focus calls the guards and the representatives The working professions, as well as specialists without work experience, which are offered an average of 9. 5 thousand UAH.
According to OLX, work, on this portal in July, applicants were invited to work in trade, construction, transport transportation in the presence of a driver's license and in call centers without experience. At the same time, the lowest salaries are offered in the following areas: "Lawyers and specialists of insurance have suffered from the crisis in the labor market the most," continues Ruslana Berezovskaya. "There was almost no vacancies for these specialists since the beginning of the war.
They have much lower than before the war - UAH 15. 5 thousand for lawyers, UAH 13. 5 thousand for insurers. " Tatiana Pashkina HR-Expert adds that some employees have reduced wages by reducing the load, half a rate or other manipulations. In fact, such employees can perform the same or even more work than before the war. To escape from moneylessness with the help of their small business, as it turned out, is also not the best way.
As found out in the MasterCard Sme Index study, which was released on August 1, 79% of entrepreneurs state the decrease in business volumes. At the same time for half the reduction was 50-99% of the pre-war level. Traditionally, other regional centers of Ukraine are ahead of the salaries of Kyiv and millionaires. According to GRC. ua statistics, in July in different regions, the average salaries are at the following level: the top 5 professions with high average salaries on GRC.
UA remains unchanged since the beginning of the war: "Experts in the field of accounting and management accounting have become more in demand in the last Three months during which their average salary continues to rise. After restoring their activities after stopping at the beginning of the war, companies are forced to look for replacement for employees who have not returned to work. And accountants work mainly women, many of whom have left abroad, ”he explains Ruslana Berezovskaya.
According to Galina Morozova, the situation with salaries depends not on the profession, but rather on the scope a crisis in the labor market, really highly skilled HR consultants' employees are still actively active are looking for. So there is work in Ukraine, but not for everyone. Improving well -being under the current conditions of most citizens can only dream.
According to the above studies of MasterCard Sme Index, during the war, only 2% of small and medium -sized businesses reported an increase in income. Tatiana Pashkina adds that only some companies that have foreign clients, for example, in the IT sector, today offer a pre-war salary, and sometimes even higher. "Further salaries will only occur in the case of urgent search or employment of scarce employees in companies that have sufficient financial resources," Pashkin sums up.
IT experts who receive a salary in currency should pay special attention. According to the IT Research Resilience research, which is conducted by the Lviv IT cluster, the average salary in IT in Ukraine is $ 2360 (UAH 86. 3 thousand at the official rate of 36. 56 USDUAH). The number of specialists in the market has decreased.
If at the end of 2021 there were 285,000 IT sector workers in Ukraine, 50-57 thousand specialists went abroad during May-June and another 7,000 went to fight and the Armed Forces or Tro. Accordingly, IT professionals in Ukraine-228 thousand IT sector are felt more stable, unlike other industries. According to IT Research Resilience, 85% of IT companies surveyed in May resumed business activity at the pre-war level.
At the same time, 63% of the company received a positive financial result, and 13% increased income by 25-50%. That is, there are prerequisites for maintaining consistently high salaries of IT specialists in the market. Even during the crisis, the market remains prosperous. Among them is an IT sector, where experts earn steadily, and companies increase income, but here is not clear.
"The part of the IT sector whose business was focused in Ukraine (IT-integrators, resellers, distributors) is not going through the best of times. Many of the projects have been frozen or canceled, which forced the companies to reduce the state 30-50%, "-adds Maxim Ozkyon. And yet, the IT sphere remains the largest number of experts who are consistently earning, who, moreover, have not lost, but have multiplied their income due to the devaluation of the hryvnia.
The employer market is the so -called state in which the employment sphere in Ukraine has long been immersed in. "The labor market is in crisis when employers are in a more favorable position. Open vacancies are at times less than before the war. Employers have a wider choice of applicants, companies become more demanding for candidates and choose employees longer," Ruslana Berezovskaya describes the situation.
According to the interlocutor of the focus, employment is complicated and extended, and, when faced with problems, applicants often reduce salaries. Such periods of labor market in Ukraine is not the first time. For example, after the 2014-2015 crisis, it took almost 2020 to be expected to return salaries in the currency equivalent to the level of 2013 (see Infographic).
But to rejoice in the Ukrainians did not have long - the country covered coronavirus and quarantine restrictions somewhat undermined the potential of employers. Nowadays, negative factors due to the war and the significant deterioration of the Ukrainian economy are much greater. In the current, war -related crisis, the labor market has become weakened after pandemic shocks. According to GRC.
ua poll, 69% of Ukrainians were dissatisfied with their salary before the war, and 46% of them were constantly felt for salary. Now these people will have to view costs and sacrifice life quality. In addition to the nominal fall, the income of Ukrainians eats depreciation. According to the NBU estimates, inflation in 2022 will exceed 30%, and if the hryvnia salary remained at the pre -war level, its purchasing power will be reduced by almost a third.
If you add the hryvnia devaluation factor, the income of Ukrainians was even more. The salaries in the currency equivalent also look depressing (see infographics). Many now have to work for $ 250-400 a month, which seemed absolutely unacceptable before the war. The experience of past crises, business moods and expert opinions indicate that the recovery of salaries will not be fast.
According to MasterCard SME Index, 53% of entrepreneurs expect that it will take from one to three years to return business to pre -war indicators. Accordingly, the ability to pay pre -war salaries will not even appear in 2023. Maxim Zagonon believes that the labor market has not yet reached its bottom. "Working companies that have been able to adapt, diversify and gradually open new positions will no longer reduce salaries.